Raising interest MAWAR

Roses are herbaceous plants such as ornamental flowers with thorny stems. Roses roses flowers known name or the "Queen of Flowers" is a religious symbol or emblem of life in human civilization. Roses originated from mainland China, the Middle East and Eastern Europe. In the development, widespread in temperate regions (sub-tropical) and hot (tropical).

PLANT SPECIES
In plant systematics (taxonomy), roses diklasifasikan as follows:
Kingdom: Plantae
Division: spermatophytes
Sub Division: Angiospermae
Class: Dicotyledonae
Order: Rosanales
Family: Rosaceae
Genus: Rosa
Species: Rosa damascena Mill., R. multiflora Thunb., R. hybrida Hort., and others.

In Indonesia, developing various types of hybrid roses from Holland (the Netherlands). Roses are many interested persons are the type and Medium Hybrid Tea, has quite a lot of flower color variation, from white to red and a high productivity level: 120-280 bud bunga/m2 / year.

Varieties of hybrid roses (Hybrid Tea) which has been planted in Indonesia by PT. Plantation Mangkurajo is: coctail, Diplomat, Idole, Jacaranda, Laminuette, Osiana, Pareo, Samorai, Sonate de Meilland, Sonia, Sonia Sweet, Tineke, Vivaldi, White Success and Yonina. While roses are the type of medium, among others, Golden Times, Jaguar, Sissel, Laser, and Kiss. The advantage of hybrid varieties of roses are durable and attractive colors. Stemmed roses Hybrid Tea type flowers 80-120 cm, 40-60 cm Medium type.

Some rose varieties are recommended introductions in lowland: Cemelot, Frad Winds, Mr. Lincoln, and the Golden Lustee as a cut flower roses. While the varieties of Folk Song, Khatherina Zeimet, Woborn Abbey and Cimacan Salem for garden plants.

3. BENEFITS OF PLANTS
1) ornamental plants in parks / open pages (out doors).
2) ornamental plants in pots and penyemarak pengindah living room or hallway.
3) are used as flower pollen at a state ceremony or ritual traditions.
4) extracted oil as perfume ingredients or drugs (on a scale of research in Puslitbangtri).

4. INVESTMENT CENTER

Regional centers are concentrated in the region rose plants of Alaska or Siberia, India, North Africa and Indonesia. Sentra planting cut flowers, potted plants and sow in Indonesia resulting from the regions of West Java, North Sumatra, Central Java, East Java and Jakarta.

5. TERMS growth

5.1. Climate
1.The wind does not affect the growth of roses.
2. Rainfall for good growth of roses is 1500-3000 mm / year. Requires 5-6 hours of sunlight per day. In the area enough sunshine, roses will be diligent and faster trunked flowering and sturdy. Morning sunlight is better than afternoon sun, which causes the drying plants.
3. Plant roses have a very wide adaptability to the environment grows, it can be grown in temperate regions / sub-tropical regions and in the summer / tropical. Cool air temperature 18-26 degrees C and humidity of 70-80%.

5.2. Planting media
1.Planting is done directly on the land permanently in the garden or in pots. Plant roses suitable on sandy clay (clay content 20-30%), fertile, friable, many organic materials, good aeration and drainage.
2. On the ground latosol andosol which has physical properties and soil fertility is good enough.
3. The ideal soil acidity is pH = 5.5 to 7.0. In acid soil (pH 5.0) need liming Dolomite lime, Calcit atupun Zeagro dose 4-5 tons / hectare.
Giving lime aims to raise soil pH, add the elements Ca and Mg, improve the lives of microorganisms, improving the nodule-root nodules, reduce toxicity of Fe, Mn, and Al, as well as increasing the availability of P and Mo unsurunsur. Porous soil is badly needed by the roots of roses.

5.3. Altitude Venue
Roses grow well at:

1. Altitude 560-800 m asl, the minimum air temperature 16-18 degrees C and a maximum of 28-30 degrees C.

2. Altitude 1100 m asl, the minimum air temperature 14-16 degrees C, maximum 24-27 degrees C.

3. Altitude 1400 m asl, the minimum air temperature from 13.7 to 15.6 degrees C and a maximum of 19.5 to 22.6 degrees C.

In tropical areas like Indonesia, the plants can grow and productive roses blooming in the lowlands to high (mountain) on average 1500 m above sea level.

6. CULTURE GUIDELINES

6.1. Seed Breeding Requirements

In order for seeds to grow well, select healthy seeds by entering into the water (which both will drown, which floats discarded).

Seed Preparation

Preparation stages of seed plants from seed:

a) The selection of fruit - Choose fruit rose from the parent plants which have flowered and the kind of superior productive as you wish.

- Pick fruit that is ripe selected roses (cooked) in a tree.

b) Treatment After ripening - Prepare media in the form of seeding berhumus and sandy soil (1:1).

- Enter the (fill in) the media into the tub seedbed or container that is practical and feasible to use for the seedling.

- Flush with clean water seeding media until quite wet (humid).

- Embed the fruit of roses one by one into the media were buried deep enough seedlings to 0.5 to 1.0 cm.

- Allow the roses to fruit rot on the outer skin of the humid conditions of the media, beraerasi good, and the air temperature around 5 degrees C. Time needed to ripening After treatment ranged from 50-270 days (depending on the type of rose).

Seeds Seeding Techniques

a) Take the (lift) rose seeds from fruits that have been rotting in the seedling media.

b) Select the seeds of good roses, are pithy who drowned when put into water

c) Rinse with clean water rose seeds.

d) Drain the seeds of selected roses quiet place to be planted in nursery tanks.

e) Semaikan roses seed evenly according to the distance between rows and rows 50-10 cm. Seeds will germinate at the age of four weeks after sowing.

Maintenance Seeding / Seeding

a) Pour the rose nursery media continuously 1-2 times a day.

b) Wean (perjarang) seedlings are big enough roses in a small poly bag is already filled with a mixture of soil, sand and organic manure (1:1:1).

Seed removal

Move the seedlings planted roses that have been aged 22 months to the gardens / planting place fixed (permanent).

6.2. Media Processing Plant

Place planting roses can be done in the garden area, garden and in pots. Procedures for preparing land for somewhat different from the rose garden in pots / poly bags. Preparation

a) Preparation of land garden / park - Land to the garden / park land selected roses loose, fertile and receive direct sunlight (open).

- Clean the location of the garden from a wild grass / gravel.

b) Preparation of the media in a pot - your destination growing media in the form of fertile soil, organic fertilizer (manure, compost, TW Super Plus) and sand. Mixed media composition soil, manure, compost and sand, 1:1:1. Soil mixture with 6:1 ratio of Super Plus TW.

- Provide a pot that size is adjusted with the size of the rose plant. The best pots are pots made of soil material and not painted.

- Prepare other supporting materials such as brick or tile fragments or charcoal. These materials can function as a sucker of excess water (drainage) and facilitate any transfer of plants into pots or planting a new place.

c) Filling the planting media into the pot - pot holes Association for the excess water.

- Dampen a pot with enough water to wet.

- Fill in the fractions of red bricks / tiles / charcoal at the base of ± 1 cm-thick pot until the third part of the pot, the water drainage hole in the bottom of the pot should not clogged.

- Load the litter (humus) ± 1cm thick evenly over the layer of red bricks / tiles.

- Fill in the growing media mixture of soil, sand and manure / compost (1:1:1) or a mixture of soil with organic fertilizer TW Super Plus (6:1) plus a little ash kitchen. Charging the media until 90% full, or 0.5 to 1.0 cm below the upper limit of the pot surface. Pots ready for planting seeds (plants) of roses.

Land Opening

a) Land hoe / ± 30 cm deep plowed until crumbly.

b) Allow the soil for 15-30 days dikeringanginkan to mature and free from toxic gases.

Formation bedengan

Create a bed-size bed with a width of 100-120 cm, height 30 cm, 30-40 cm spacing between beds, and length depending on state land. When the rose garden will be designed asymmetrically, then the preparation of land made bentukbentuk desired, for example circular (round) or guludan-guludan which is compatible with the surrounding environment.

Fertilization

Organic fertilizer (manure / compost) 20-30 tons / hectare or Super Plus TW 4-5 tons / ha allotted evenly distributed and mixed with the soil, adjusting the land (bed). Organic fertilizer with the inserted (loaded) into the planting hole average of 1-2 kg / plant.

6.3. Planting Technique Determination of Planting Pattern

Make the planting hole at a distance of 60 × 60 cm or 70 × 70 cm, depending on the type of roses and the soil fertility.

Planting Hole Preparation

To create a curved hole in order to obtain the necessary spade-shaped cylindrical hole. Hole size 45 × 45 × 45 cm. The depth of the well that is when the plant is placed in the hole, the position of the main branch (bud union) is located parallel to the ground surface. Root roses can not penetrate the soil too deeply, it is not necessary to dig the soil too deeply, just 45-55 cm.

At the time of making the hole in the surface soil (top soil), sub-soil is collected separately, it will be used to cover the hole again. When the area was covered with grass, should be taken in the form of slabs and placed in the shade, for use as fertilizer, to enter it into the hole. Plate is placed upside-down grass. Top soil mixed with organic materials (such as compost, green manure, animal manure and so forth) the comparison of four parts soil and one part organic material. Ditimbuni hole sub-soil mixed with organic material (in total more than the mix for the top soil) and super phosphate (can also use bone meal) 20%. The number of super phosphate 1,5-2 singk per 10 m2 of land, 1.5 to 3 kg of bone meal per 10 m2. Hole filled with top soil and organic material to form a mound.

Investment mode

When planting roses are at the beginning of the rainy season (when the state of water is adequate can be done throughout the season / year. Crops are planted roses in the form of seeds cabutan (without soil), and seedlings from polybags.

How to planting roses cabutan:

a) Unloading of rose seedlings from nurseries in cabutan.

b) Cut some stems and branches, leaving 20-25 cm in order to plant a shrub habitus (short).

c) Cut some of the roots with sharp pruning shears and sterile.

d) Soak seeds in water or in solution of the rose plant growth regulator (growth hormone) as Dekamon 1-2 cc / liter for 15-30 minutes.

e) Planting seeds of roses in the middle of the planting hole and spread roots arranged in all directions. Fill (embankment) with the soil to limit stem base of the neck.

f) Padatkan soil around the plant stem roses slowly so akarakarnya can direct contact with ground water.

g) Flush the soil around the roots of plants until wet.

h) Place the temporary shelter of woven bamboo or other materials to protect the plants from the scorching sun rose in the afternoon.

Planting seeds of roses from different polybag cabutan planting roses. Rose seedlings from polybags dipindahtanamkan completely with soil and roots. Procedures for planting roses from the polybags are as follows:

a) Pour media in polybags containing the seeds of roses until quite wet.

b) Remove the polybag and then reverse the position with a bend-bend to the bottom of rose seedlings with soil and roots were removed (out) from the polybag. When a large poly bag, then spending rose seeds can tear or cut through the poly bag.

c) Embed rose seedlings into the planting hole that has been prepared in advance. Location of rose seeds right in the middle of the planting hole, then embankment with compacted soil to the brim as he slowly

d) Flush the soil around plant roots rose up quite wet. Seeds Direct roses will be fresh and grown without withering or break through first.

6.4. Plant Maintenance Weeding

Weeding activities usually in conjunction with fertilization in order to save costs and labor. Wild grass that grows in the ditch / moat between the beds cleaned in order not to become a den of pests and diseases.

Weeding once a month (depending on the growth of weeds), by removing the weeds (weeds) carefully so as not to damage the roots of plants or cleaning with tools kored / hoe.

Fertilization

The type and dose (dosage) of fertilizer is recommended to plant roses of NPK (5-10-5) as much as 5 grams / plant. When fertilized NPK slow shoot growth at the ratio 10:10:5, when the stalk is weak NPK ratio of 5:15:5.

The type and dose of other fertilizers are composed of a mixture of fertilizers: 90-135 kg N plus 400 kg plus 120 kg P2O5 K2O/ha/tahun or equivalent to 200-300 kg plus 840 kg Urea TSP KCL plus 250 kg / ha / year. Based on the results of Horticulture Research Institute (Balitro), a plant cultivated roses need five grams of NPK / tree at planting time or 7-15 days after planting.

Subsequent fertilization continuously once every 3-4 months, depending on the state of plant growth. Dose and type of fertilizer that is recommended is a mixture of nitrogen fertilizer N plus 600 kg 1000 kg P2O5 Phosphate Potassium plus 400 kg K2O/ha/tahun or equivalent to ± 1 350 kg of urea plus TSP KCL 2100 kg plus 800 kg / ha / year. Each time the fertilizer is given 1 / 4 - 1 / 3 dose of 337.5 to 450 kg of urea fertilizer added 525-700 kg of TSP added 100-133 kg of KCl per hectare. Fertilizer should be at the time before flowering, flowering, and after the flowers wither. Ways of fertilizer with the sows in small and shallow paritparit between rows of crops or plants around the canopy, then covered with thin soil and watered immediately until quite wet.

Irrigation and Watering

Irrigation and watering done:

a) In the early phase of growth (around age 1-2 months after planting), carried out continuously every day 1-2 times. The next irrigation was gradually reduced, or depending on the weather and soil type (medium).

b) When a good supply of water in the morning and evening, when the air temperature and water evaporation from the soil is not too high.

c) The method of irrigation is by watering evenly using a tool emrat (yells).

7. Pests and disease

7.1. Pest

1. Aphids (Macrosiphum rosae Linn., Aphids)

Aphids, small, ± 0.6 mm long, green, sometimes winged. Attacked shoots, often attached to twigs and flower buds.

Symptoms:: suck fluids (cell) plant, causing abnormal symptoms, the leaf or shoot so curly / shrink. Can act as vectors of viruses and often leave the sweet honey liquid attached to the leaf surface, thereby becoming the cause of sooty mildew (Capnodium sp.).

Control: maintaining hygiene (sanitation), garden and sprayed insecticide Decis 2.5 EC or 25 EC Buldok, Confidor 200 LC, Curacron 500 EC, 15 EC Fastac at the recommended concentration.

2. Beetle

Three types of beetles, the rose plant invaders: Chafer beetles (Macrodactylis subspinosus), Fuller (Autoserica castanca) and Curculio (Rhyncite bicolor). Chafer beetles are yellowish brown body length of about 12 mm, beetle Fuller grayish brown color, length 10 mm. Curculio beetle red black striped ± 5 mm.

Symptoms:: eat the leaves, stems and flowers, so bolong-bolong/rusak a part that was attacked. Larvae often eat the roots of plants.

Control: to collect and destroy these pests and sprayed with chemical insecticides way Hostathion 40 EC, Decis 2.5 EC, Ambush 2 EC, Elsan 60 EC, and others at the recommended concentration.

3. Snail fur

Body greenish white, ± 12 mm long, covered with coarse hairs.

Symptoms:: at the larval stage, invasive plants by eating the lower leaves that causes the leaves to bone perforated leaves.

Control: eroded cocoons attached to plants, and sprayed with insecticide Brestan 60 (Moluskasida) at the recommended concentration.

4. Mite (Tetranychus telarius)

Similar to the spider mites, very small ± 0.3 mm, red / green / yellow. Reproduce quickly when the weather is humid and hot, and poorly ventilated.

Symptoms:: attacking plants by sucking plant cell fluids, on the leaves / shoots, causing the red dots yellow / gray-brown.

Control: sprayed insecticide-akarisida like ommittee Kelthane 570 EC or EC 200 or EC 200 Meothrin Mitac 50 EC, 50 EC Nissuron and others at the recommended concentration.

5. Thrips

These pests are so small ± 1 mm, color brown kuning-oranye/kuning.

Symptoms:: destroy / suck liquid plant cells, especially flowers, leaves and branches. Enjoys a yellow rose / other bright.

Control: pruning heavily infected parts of the plants and sprayed with insecticide Mesurol 50 WP, Tokuthion 500 EC, the Pegasus 500 SC, Decis 2.5 EC and others at the recommended concentration.

6. Root nematodes (Meloidgyne sp.)

Root nematodes very small size (only visible with a microscope).

Symptoms:: attacking the roots of the rose plant, can penetrate into the stems, causing stunted growth symptoms, sometimes wilt (loss of strength to grow) and there is a rash at the root.

Control: crop rotation, planting media sterilization, and using chemical substances (parasitising kidney): Furadan 3 G, Rugby 10 G or G Indofuran education at planting.

7. Other pests:

a) Caterpillar leaf (Udea rubigalis), attacking the leaves and flower buds that become damaged / perforated-perforated.

Control: sprayed insecticide Hostathion 40 EC, Decis 2.5 EC, Dekasulfan 350 EC, 50 EC or Confidor Nomolt 70 WAS at the recommended concentration.

b) Insects night (Night feeding insect), attacking the leaves and flowers.

Control: sprayed with insecticides used to control the leaf worm.

c) Insect suction plant cells (Leaf hoppers), attacking the leaves until the white spots in a circle.

Control: sprayed with insecticides used to control the leaf worm.

d) Flies (Dasyncura rhodophaga), small body size of 1.2 mm, color brown kemerah-merahan/kekuning-kuningan. Eggs laid on new shoots, after the larvae will destroy / eat the shoots. Larvae drop to the ground, then within one week turned into flies.

Control: Heavily attacked plants destroyed by fire, maintain the cleanliness of the garden, and spraying insecticide Agrohion 50 EC, 50 EC or Ofunack Meothrin 40 EC at the recommended concentration.

e) Ticks stem (Aulacaspis rosae) from the families Coccidae, small size 3 mm,

Symptoms: sucking liquids plant cells, the leaves and stems. Affected part will wither, slowly dried (dead).

Control: prune affected parts of the plants to be destroyed / burned and sprayed with insecticide Decis 2.5 EC, Mitac 200 EC, Monitor 200 LC or Orthene 75 SP at the recommended concentration.
f) a small weevil (Small Carpenter bees), small body size 8 mm long, black-metallic,
Symptoms: hollow out the inside as well as damaging the stem. Plants attacked by the wilt.
Control: cut the plants that were attacked to be burned or sprayed with insecticides: Decis 2.5 EC, 50 EC Atabron, Buldok Bassa 25 EC or 50 EC at the recommended concentration.


7.2. Disease
1. Black spot
Cause: The fungus (mold) Marsonina rosae (Lib.) Lind. ("Black Spot").
Symptoms: leaf spots of concentrated black-toothed edges. Gradually spots ± 1 cm diameter fused, so that leaves the surrounding tissue becomes yellow. Can also occur in the leaf stalk, stem, flower base, petals and flower crown. Be easily attacked by leaf fall. Non-chemical control: pruning diseased parts of plants, and maintain a healthy garden (sanitation).
Chemical control: spraying fungicide which is active barium propineb and Mankozeb at the recommended concentration.
2. Leaf rust
Cause: The fungus (mold) Phragmidium mucronatum (Pers. ex Pr.) Schlecht.
Symptoms: orange spots reddish on the underside of the leaves, on the side of the leaf spots are angular reddish color. Heavily infected leaves that will be easy to fall (fall). Non-chemical control: cutting / trimming sick leaves were destroyed.
Chemical control: spraying fungicide which is active barium Zineb or Maneb at the recommended concentration.
3. Powder Mildew
Cause: The fungus Oidium sp.
Symptoms: There flour / white coating on the surface of the lower and upper leaves. Leaves / plant parts are affected will change color from green to reddish, gradually kekuningkuningan and eventually the leaves fall off quickly (autumn).
Non-chemical control: pluck the leaves are attacked to be destroyed and maintain a healthy garden (sanitation).
Chemical control: Sulfur fungicide sprayed, or containing the active ingredient Pirazifos.
4. Swollen stem base
Cause: The bacterium Agrobacterium tumefacien (EF Sm et Town.) Conn.
Symptoms: swelling at the base of the stem near the soil surface, so the plants become stunted and eventually die.
Non-chemical control: remove diseased plants to be destroyed and when the plant maintenance (pruning), using scissors to cut a clean and sterile.
Chemical Control: sprayed by barium active bactericide Streptomycin or Oksitetrasikin.
5. Mosaic (piebald)
Causes: viruses (Rose mosaic virus) (Rose mosaic virus).
Symptoms: leaf yellowing and piebald, the bones of their leaves like nets.
Control: healthy planting, maintenance intensive crops, spraying insecticides to control insect vectors, and unpack (eradication) of sick plants to be destroyed to prevent spread to other plants.
6. Leaf spot
Cause: The two pathogens, namely fungus Cercospora rosicola Pass. and Alternaria sp.
Symptoms: cercospora attack brown spots on older leaves, whereas Alternaria blotch blackish color.
Control nonkimiawi: cut / pluck the leaves are a pain to be destroyed and maintain a healthy garden (sanitation).
Chemical control: spraying fungicide containing the active ingredient of Copper (Cu).
7. Mushrooms poison
Cause: The fungus Corticium salmonicolor (Berk. et Br.) Tjokr.
Symptoms: There are red crust on the trunk, and slowly the stem will rot and die.
Control nonkimiawi: peel the skin and curry plant part is sick, then smeared paint / tar, can also cut the stems at the same time a severe infection.
Chemical control: spraying fungicide which is active barium Tridemorf.
8. Decay rate
Cause: The fungus Botrytis cinerea Pers. Fr.
Symptoms: flower bulbs that have been opened in brown rot, and nod-black nodules.
Control nonkimiawi: start blooming flowers wrapped with wax paper bags or plastic and post-harvest handling of flowers as possible.
Chemical control: spraying fungicide which is active barium benomyl.
9. Physiological diseases
Cause: nutrient deficiency (deficiency), lack of nitrogen, Phosfor, and Potassium.
Symptoms: nitrogen deficiency causes leaf color hujau-young (pale) yellow and the plant growth became slower (dwarf). Phosfor deficiency causes plants to become thin and stunted, while the less potassium leaves to dry out along the edge / rim.
Control: a balanced fertilizer, especially the element of N, P2O5, and K2O fertilizers or sprayed leaves high haranya elemental content in accordance with the symptoms of deficiency.


8. P A N E N

8.1. Flowering Plant traits and Age
The characteristics of roses ready to be picked (harvested) for the purpose as a cut flower: flower flowers full bloom and not a normal size. For the purpose of defloration sow flowers on stage after full bloom.
The ideal harvest time is morning or late afternoon (when the air temperature and evaporation of water is not too high). In several centers of cut flower producers do the plucking roses at night.
8.2. How To Picking Flowers
How to harvest roses is to cut the flower stalk at the bottom (base) or is included with several leaf stalks. Cutting tools roses can be a knife or scissors to cut sharp, clean and sterile.
8.3. Harvest Period
Rose plants from cuttings or seed grafting can be harvested at the age of 4-5 months after planting depending on variety and fertility or growth. This disposal will be productive for years 3-5 years range.
8.4. Production Forecast
Rose plants cultivated intensively than species / varieties can produce 120000-280000 bud / hectare / year. This production level depends on rose varieties, soil fertility, distance and level of care for plants in the garden.

9. POST HARVEST

9.1. Collection
1) The collection of postharvest cut flower roses:
a) Collect the flowers immediately after harvest and enter into a container (bucket) containing clean water. The position of the flower stalk is set under water.
b) Transport the entire harvest to the collection points to facilitate the subsequent handling.

2) The collection of roses Postharvest sow:
Collect flowers freshly picked roses in a container (plastic baskets, winnowing / bucket of clean water).

9.2. Sorting and grading
1) Sort of damaged flower, wither and rot separated individually.
2) Classify according to type of flower, flower size, flower stem length and flower color of the uniform. Classification based on long flower stalks are separated into two grades. Grade A flower with a stem length of more than 60 cm, grade B stem length of less than 60 cm.

9.3. Storage
1) To cut flower roses, flower store that has been packed into the room-temperature storage (cold storage) with a stable 90% relative humidity.
2) To sow roses, save it in a place / room shady, cool, moist, and good air circulation.

9.4. Packaging and Transportation
1) Tie the flowers that have been classified and incorporated into a bond-bond. Each bond contains 20 flower stalks.
2) Pack the flowers had ties into the baskets / boxes of cardboard and good air circulation.
3) Transport of roses to the place of the target market.
4) Cover pangkai flower stalks with damp cotton or enter into a plastic bottle of water, primarily for the purpose of long-distance shipping.
5) Add the crushed ice around the container (container) rose to the condition of conveyance sufficient room cool and moist.

Distance Exotic Plants For Ornamental Plants

Lately, the plant jatropha (Jatropha curcas L.) as a budding artist. Its presence is often the talk of people, both at the level of farmers, businessmen, bureaucrats and legislative branches. This is due to the distance the fence is a source of fuel that is renewable and environmentally friendly that can be used as a substitute for petroleum derived from fossil (fossil fuel) that are not renewable and environmentally unfriendly, with diminishing reserves in the bowels of the earth.

Apart from Jatropha curcas, known to some kind of distance, such as: Jatropha multifida, J. integrerrina, J. glandulifera, and J. gossypofilia. Those species

have a different look with Jatropha curcas and can be used as an ornamental plant which have high economic value. Even for species of Jatropha multifida or known by the distance a horn, or distance bulging exports have value as ornamental distance. Parent garden Pakuwon Castor, in addition to having

jatropha plantation collections from various regions in Indonesia, also collects some distance exotic species as an ornamental plant, such as J. multifida (distance or distance puffy trumpet), J. integrerrima (distance songo iodine or guardian), and J. glandulifera (distance or distance jitun Mangir).

Because Jatropha is still in one genus, functions as an ornamental plant can be created by connecting or species attached to each other in order to obtain a unique ornamental plants and exotic. The technique of grafting or attachment (grafting) performed a very simple manner, rootstock and scions are selected from where the desired species

provided that the plant will be connected or the distance that has woody digrafting (± 3 months old).

Materials and tools used include: cutter knife, rope, plastic bags are white, and the distance that has woody plants as rootstock and scions. For the extensions made by cutting the stem below the altitude in accordance with what we want, then cut the stem has been cut in a V shape and connected with scions originating from a branch of the same size so kambium and wood rootstock and scions meet each other. Once connected, immediately tied round with caution

using a rope so that the connection is not shifted, then dikerodong with a white plastic bag and stored in the shade. While for grafting

carried out with the buds from the stems cut down by cutter blades in a rectangular shape and affixed with the buds on the stem as desired.

Incision size buds and stems of the rootstock must be the same, so compatible. At the top and bottom patch tied with rope in a circle and does not cover the buds so that the buds were taped to the stem above can

grow. Plant maintenance is done by spraying fungicide grafting connection or a connection that is not attacked by fungi. After the connection / grafting of approximately one month old and has grown stronger branches, raffia immediately opened so that plants can grow normally. Single rootstock can be connected with two or three types of stem above that would be obtained by the exotic ornamental plants.

Cross Pollination and Breeding Techniques Anthurium

Anthurium name comes from the Greek, means tail flower. In Indonesia, this plant is known as anthurium. Natural genetic resources derived from the tropical Americas.

But its development is relatively successful in temperate subtropical countries such as Hawaii, and in temperate climate countries like the Netherlands. Anthurium is a plant that grows alone on the growth media (terrestrial), but there was also that live attached to other plants or epiphytic (Riffle 1998).

In Indonesia anthurium can adapt well, ranging up to the high plains. At an altitude of 1400 m above sea level, these plants need sunlight intensity between 30-60%. When the light intensity is too high, then the plants will turn yellow and leaf color to fade. Conversely, if light intensity is too low, the plant growth slows, productivity rates declined, and the stems are tender.

Anthurium cultivation expanded rapidly in Indonesia, especially in ornamental plant production centers in West Java (Lembang, Bandung, Sukabumi, Cianjur and Bogor), Java (Ungaran, Bandungan, and Semarang), East Java (Batu Malang, citrus, and Pasuruan) , and North Sumatra regions particularly Brastagi (Rukmana 1997). Paranet cultivators his use as a canopy, and the best is having a 70% absorption of sunlight. Temperature required by these plants ranges from l8-200C at night, and 27 -30 ° C in the daytime, with 50-90% humidity (Rosario 1991).

Anthurium Propagation can be done by way of generative (seed) or vegetative (split saplings or cuttings). Self-pollination (selfpollnation) are rare and should be cross-pollination (cross pollination) are artificial. This technique is the most generative ways most appropriate, especially in the activities of breeding to produce Fl hybrid seeds, which in turn is a step to a new and more varied melahirkanjenis.

Artificial crosses will be successful if we note the following factors: (1) the parent crosses that will be used, (2) methods, and (3) crossing time. By doing an excellent selection of elders as the parent of the cross-good seed will be obtained with the advantages derived from its parent.

The purpose of this experiment is to obtain results with variations that cruciferous anthurium better. Expected that the results of these crosses can add to biodiversity and economic value of these plants.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

The materials used are some of anthurium plants whose fruits are different. As an elder female is a kind of Sunset, Champion, Midori, Lady Jane, Orange, Aromatic, Lady Jane, Purple, and White obake, and for male elders is Laura, Sunset, Pink Exotic, Hawaiian Butterfly, Lady Jane, Red, Midori and Red Ati. Media used for seed germination is carbonized rice husk, and for the community pot or a compote of bamboo charcoal husk compost plus a fine comparison: 1. The instrument used was a small paintbrush, petri dish, pot and also compote or plastic tub size 45 cm x 35 cm, paper labels and plastic bags.

Anthurium in artificial cross-pollination carried out in a greenhouse Institute, Ornamental Plant Research Institute, began in July 2003 until June 2004. Location is at the altitude 1100 m asl with temperatures 24-26 ° C in the daytime and l8-20 ° C at night and relative humidity (Rh) 70-90%.

Hybridization method is carried out crosses between species of Anthurium andreanum. Before penyi circles, conducted cruciferous election or selection of elders, both male elders and elder females. From each pair of crosses between selected each one of the best flower stalks. For potted anthurium, elders who used a small-sized plants with leaves or flowers are beautiful. To produce anthurium cut flowers, selected elders who have beautiful flowers, often flowering, flower stalks are long and sturdy, and flower colors vary.

Furthermore, selected female flowers are ready pollinated, which is between 2-3 weeks after anthesis (Rosario 1991). Signs are ready pollinated flowers is to place flowers on the secretion of honey spadiks (slimy) and when held to the terrace a slippery or sticky. Visually this can be seen in the insect pollinators or ants on the spadiks. For the male flower flowers that have been selected out of the pollen or pollen spadiks, colored yellow, and powder (Figure 1). Fig.1. Anthurium ready pollinated female flowers (a) and Anthurium flowers are already out male pollen (b) With the help of brush or directly by hand, pollen stored into the petri dish and then applied to the stigma or female flowers spadiks who readily pollinated. Anthurium crossing workflow presented in Figure 2.

Fig.2. Anthurium crossing Workflow

Pollination done in the morning at 7:00 to 10:00 a.m. when the air was fresh, and or-l7.00 pukul15.00 afternoon when a cold air return. Pollinated plants that have been labeled as containing information about the elder female and male elders, crossing time (day, month and year), and the name penyilang. Furthermore, the female flower-kerudungi or closed using a plastic bag and left sealed for two weeks.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Pollination time

The number of seeds produced varied between 15-393 seeds. Of the nine pairs of crosses obtained 1308 results per-cruciferous seeds. The highest success obtained in the pair of white crosses obake x Pink Exotic, followed by Midori x Pink Exotic, Champion x Laura, and Lady Jane x Red Ati each more than 130 seeds. High success shows that the elder spouse has a high compatibility. Five other elder couples only produce 15-58 seeds (Table l).

Based on the activities carried out, the opportunity to the success of pollination pollination anthurium quite high, especially in the morning which reached 90%. Success of pollination in the afternoon only reached 70%. This is closely related to the temperature in the greenhouse which is still hot. However, the difference in the percentage of success is not too j Auh, amounting to 20%. Successful pollination can be seen from spadiks filled by small bumps crowding round, which will form the fruit called fruit beries. Pollination is not successfully tagged with flowers that will dry up after two weeks.

Of the 20 times of pollination at different times, ie 10 times in the morning and 10 times in the afternoon, produced fruit beries 1308 (Table 2). The success of the nyerbukan could not be separated from the standard requirements to be met, such as cruciferous plant material, cleaning the tools used and other materials are not contaminated, and the time and the process of pollination.

Seeding

Fruit Harvest

Beries fruit produced from the crossing will cook 6-7 months after pollination. Fruit can be harvested after a lu-son, a yellow-brown (Rosario 1991) (Figure 3).

Seeara manual harvesting done by picking the whole fruit that existed at the spadiks. If the fruit is not ripe at once, then gradually seeara harvest by taking a ripe fruit. Fruit that has not been allowed to cook until the fruit ready for harvest (Palestine 2002).

Seeding Seeds

Fruit that has been released from tongkolnya harvested and separated from the skin of the fruit by the way it massaged. Because of anthurium seeds coated with mucus that resembles the flesh of fruit, then the seeds must be soaked first. Soaking is done by using clean water for one day or in distilled water for 10 minutes (Palestine 2002). After that, seeds dieuci on water flow while squeezing to release lendimya until seeds are clean and feels rough.

Furthermore, the media prepared seedbed in the form of rice husk in a pot with diameter of 15 em, then moistened or watered. To maintain humidity, pot backed with a plastic tray filled with water. Clean seeds distributed in the media which has been prepared, and then labeled cruciferous and seeding dates, and then covered with transparent kaea. Lapse of three days, keeambah will start to grow, marked by keluamya roots with feathers of white and colored kuneup followed by the growth of leaves at day 7. At the age of 14 days, the cover is opened and after a 30-40 day-old seedlings, seedlings are transferred to compote in the form of a plastic tub measuring 45 em x 35 em that the bottom has been hollowed and filled with rice husk + compost of fine bamboo with a ratio 1: 1 (Figure 4). Seedlings planted em denganjarak 2 x 2 em. After 3-4 month-old seedlings, seedlings are ready to be planted in pots or in the field.

Seed Maintenance

Maintenance of seed needs to be done as possible, especially watering and fertilization. Watering done 1-2 times a day according to the circumstances euaea, especially should diperhatikanjangan until there is stagnant water. What if the weather was overcast, watering can be done just two days.

To accelerate growth, need to do a mupukan. Anthurium fertilization depends on the media used, light conditions, plant age, and cultivars of anthurium (Palestine 2002). Fertilization can use two kinds of fertilizers that foliar fertilizer to nourish the leaves, and compound fertilizers to provide nutrients in the root zone. Used to measure foliar fertilizer is 1 to 1.5 g / 1 by spraying the leaves around, done once a week. To compound fertilizer NPK, fertilizer dissolved in water with a dose of 1 g / 1 water. Fertilizer solution is splashed around the roots of plants and carried out two weeks.

CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

The best artificial pollination on the anthurium is in the morning between 7:00 to 10:00 o'clock. Of the 20 times of pollination, 10 times of them conducted in the morning, produced 1308 (90%) beries fruit. Pollination success rate is closely related to materials and tools used, time, and the process of pollination. Based on these results, the hybridization should be performed in the morning, so that the results achieved in accordance with the goals expected that, especially with regard to quantity and quality of the results of hybrid seeds.

yellow flowers, artificial fragrance of jasmine that are not just

Breeze blowing fragrant fragrant scent ... yellow flowers ...

The song was popularized by Marini describes how the fragrance of interest which has the Latin name is Murraya paniculata. Myrtle was known as a fragrant flower which has a distinctive white color with small shaped and usually grown for ornamental plants and plant fence.

But besides fragrant, yellow with a local name kamuning (Sunda, Manado, Makassar), yellow or kumuning (Java), kemoning (Bali), kamuni (Bima), and kamoni (Ambon), this turned out to contain cadinene, methyl-anthranilate, bisabolene , B-caryophyllene, geraniol, 3-carene, eugenol, citronellol, methyl-salicylate, paniculatin, tannin and coumurrayin on leaves, and flowers and semi scopoletin on-a-carotenone on the fruit. Myrtle orangejasmine also called in English because this plant has the form of flowers such as jasmine (white and small) as well as any sweet fragrance.



Because of these contents, also known as yellow can be efficacious as a drug, both on the leaves, twigs, roots and tree bark. Myrtle efficacious as numbing (anesthesia), tranquilizers (sedatives), anti-inflammatory, anti-rheumatic, anti-thyroid, eliminating swelling, circulatory and penghalus facilitator skin.

Research Results
Some research has been done to demonstrate pharmacological effects of yellow,
such as:
1. Yellow leaf infusion with a dose of 1,000 mg powder / kg body weight of albino mice for analgesic effects with comparative material acetosal 52mg/kg body weight, providing analgesic effects (Pudjiastuti, et al., Mirror World Medical, No. 59, 1989).
2. Yellow leaf infusion with a dose of 210mg, 420mg and 840mg/200g weight given orally to mice immediately before injection of 0.2 ml of 1% in NaCl karagenin fisiolofis in subplantar (substance maker of artificial edema). At the infusion dose weight 840mg/200g showed anti-inflammatory effects of diclofenac sodium at a dose close to 8mg/200 g body weight used as a comparator (Farida Ibrahim, Juheini, Katrin, Rosrini, Department of Pharmaceutical Science Faculty UI - news Perhipba No. I / III, Jan.-March 1995).
3. Yellow leaf infusion 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% as much as 0.5 ml in mice can lose weight significantly (Ika Pure Sugiarti, Department of Biological Science Faculty UNAIR, 1990).

Example Usage Kemuning To Drugs:
1.Ulcer
Yellow roots as much as 30 g dry cleaned and cut into pieces as needed. Boil with 3 clean water glass until remaining 1 glass of water decoction. After chilling filtered and drunk. 2 times a day, each 1 / 2 cups.
2.Rheumatism, sprains, bruises
Dried yellow roots were 15-30 g of washed and cut into pieces as needed. Add wine and water, each 1 1 / 2 cup, then boiled until remaining 1 glass. After chilling filtered and drunk two times a day, each ½ cup.
3.Bruise
Myrtle and glass plates, each with fresh leaves, as many, washed and finely milled. Add a little wine while stirring over the fire. Warm posted a bruise on the body.
4.Painful arthritic joints
Yellow root and root tembelekan (Lantana camara), washed, add 3 pairs of chicken feet. All materials cut into pieces as needed and add enough water until submerged / All the materials are then steamed. Then warm water was drunk at the same time.
5.Toothache
Oil coming out of the burned bark yellow teeth dropped into the hole.
6.Body slimming
Yellow leaves and leaf fresh noni (Morinda citrifolia) each handful and meeting as many bells half finely crushed little finger. Add 1 cup water, stirring frequently, cook evenly. Squeeze a piece of cloth. Drink well water collected in the morning before eating.
7.Inflammation of the testicles

Yellow leaves of fresh herbs as much as 60 g and 35 g of bitter as much washed and then boiled with 3 clean water glass until remaining 1 glass of water. After chilling filtered, then taken two times a day, each 1 / 2 cups. Do it every day until cured.
8.Urinary infection

Fresh yellow leaves as much as 35 g of washed and then add 3 cups water. Boil until the water remaining half. After chilling filtered and drunk three three times a day, each 1 / 2 cups.
9.Coming irregular menstruation
Yellow leaves and leaf nails girlfriend (Lawsonia Inermis) each of fresh ingredients as much as half cell, a finger of ginger rhizome, cleaned and cut into pieces as needed. Add 3 cups water and boil until the water remains one glasses. After chilling filtered, then taken two times a day, each 1 / 2 cups.
10.Rough skin
Fresh yellow leaves as much as 30 g of washed and then crushed until creamed. Add 1 cup water, stirring evenly. Materials are then rubbed on the skin before bedtime.

Improving Diversity Through Budi Daya Cut Flower Calla Lily

Calla lily ornamental plants including one newcomer, coming from South Africa. This plant grows well in tropical areas and can be planted throughout the year.

Cut flowers are manifold, both derived from the tropics such as orchids, tuberose, anthurium, or from the subtropical like roses, chrysanthemum, gladiolus, carnations, and lilies. One of the entrants and ornamental plants potentially be developed in Indonesia is the Calla lily (Zantedeschia elliottiana Engl.). Plants are thought to come from South Africa, and included in the family Araceae, order Spadiaflorae. Calla lily is very well cultivated in the tropics because it can be planted throughout the year.

Calla lilies have some value over a potentially become one of the important ornamental plants in the future. Flowers and leaves are beautiful as well as long durability. Plant size not too large, so other than as a cut flower, can also be used as a potted plant. In the homelands of South Africa, Calla lily is often called the varkore or aronskelle. In Western countries, Calla lily known as the arum lily, lily pig, cape or yellow arum arum.

Zantedeschia genus includes many species, among which is the Z. aethiopica, Z. Albomaculata (spotted Calla lily), Z. Sunrise apricot hybrids, and Z. Elliottiana (Golden Calla lily). In general, it is called by the name of Calla lily. Zantedeschia genus are distinguished into two groups, ie plants that do not shed leaves (evergreen), and plants that shed leaves (deciduous).

Plants that did not abort the leaves have white flowers, blooming in spring and summer, as well as having Rhizoma. Plants of this group has no bulb. Examples include Zantedeschia aethiopica. Flowering plants that shed leaves in the summer, shed leaves in winter, with cream-colored flowers, pink, yellow, red, purple and others. Classification of this plant has a tuber. An example is Z. rehmanii (pink Calla), Z. Juanda, Z albomaculata, Z. pentlandii, and Z. elliottiana.

Calla lily

Calla lily-shaped herbaceous plant with 46-75 cm plant height. The leaves have a midrib which grow from tubers, leaf shape varies by species, with variations of green patches. Flowers are monoceous, small size, equipped with flowers and coaxial sheath called spadiks. Flowers are arranged on spadiks with female flowers located on the bottom and male flowers on top. Spadiks flower sheath and generally known as interest.

Z. elliottiana has orbicular ovate-shaped leaves. Leaves are green with patches of opaque white. Plant height can reach 60 cm. sheath-colored flowers are generally yellow with a length of 13 cm. Spadiks length can reach 7 cm.

Plant Propagation

Zantedeschia elliottiana are bulbous plants and produce seeds. Propagation of this plant is generally carried out using a bulb or seed. However, propagation by seed less attractive because it requires a long time to reach the flowering period (about 3-4 years old). Propagation by bulb is preferred because it is faster flowering plants; early flowering only about 2-3 months. Calla lily tubers, including stem tuber, is marked by the existence of buds around the surface of the tuber which can grow into new plants.

Bulbs Seed Selection

Bulbs are ready for planting bulbs that have grown one or a few shoots. At the time, will be planted, the roots were soaked in a solution of 100 ppm GA3 (gibberellin acid) approximately 10 minutes. Soaking in GA3 intended to be stimulated to flowering plants.

Growing Requirements

Calla lily actually not so choose the type of soil. However, as other bulbous plants, Calla lily prefers fertile soil, many containing organic materials, friable, and sandy. Plants grow well in cool areas (more than 1000 m asl), but it can also grow in areas with high heat (about 300 m asl). But in areas with hot, easy bulb rot disease caused by Erwinia aroidea. The climate is damp with rain that would encourage plants to grow evenly optimal. This plant can also be planted in the greenhouse or plastic with the provision of water and the truth is enough penyi

Budi Engineering Resources

Land where the first planting cleared of grass, then hoe deep as 20-40 cm and made beds. Bed width of about 1.2 m, length adapted to the shape or topography of land, and the distance of 0.5 m. antarbedengan Ash beds were given one bucket per m2 and stirred or flattened with a nut-kul. Land cultivation is done about three days and can diisti-rahatkan for one day before planting.

Bulbs will be planted in accordance with the size selected. Planting bulbs do with spacing 20 cm x 20 cm with a depth of about 5 cm. Bulb land closed about 2 cm from the ground surface.

Maintenance plant that will include watering, weeding weeds, fertilizer, and pest / disease. Watering / irrigation is done every day during the period of plant growth. Weed weeding should be done once a month. Plants were given pupukNPK (15-15-15) with a rate of 3g/tanaman. Fertilization first performed four weeks after planting and subsequent three weeks. Fertilizer into the holes provided in right and left tugal tuber. Control of pests and diseases was done regularly with Decis 2 g / l, Dithane M-45 2 g / l, with a spray volume of 500 l / ha.

Harvest Flowers

Calla lily started flowering at the age of 2-3 months after planting bulbs. Flowers were harvested when the flower sheath has full bloom by cutting the base of the flower stalks.

Time to cut interest is best in the morning or evening. Cutting interest rates during the day cause rapid sheath is damaged because a lot of water loss. Farmers in many central areas of ornamental plants and cut flowers in general, picking flowers at 6:00 to 08:00 o'clock. Flowers were collected in a basket or bucket filled with water to soak the base of the flower stalk, so keep fresh flowers in a long time.

Harvesting Bulbs

Harvest tubers when plants began to be shed leaves, usually after flowering for 6-8 months after planting. Bulbs are harvested by digging the soil around the tuber. When hoeing the land sought to be unaffected tubers hoe because it will lead to tuber rot caused by bacterial attack E. aroidea. Bulbs that have been harvested cleaned from the roots and soil that it attached and then washed. Furthermore, tuber-diangin drained and the wind in the open. Once dry enough, the roots were separated according to class and diameter of bulb, ie U1 (diameter <3 cm), U2 (3-4 cm diameter), and U3 (diameter> 4 cm), then soaked in a solution of Benlate (fungicide 5 g / l) for 15 minutes. Bulbs stored indoors for 2-3 months to germinate, and then planting again.

ENGINEERING PROPAGATION BETEL RED

Red betel plant (Piper crocatum) more commonly bred in a vegetative or asexual. Naturally red betel plants propagated by seed is difficult. Propagation in this manner has the advantage that the most important is the genetic trait inherited from its parent plant.


Plants propagated vegetatively red betel can be done in several ways ie, cuttings, grafting and perundukan.



1. Cuttings
Cuttings are fragments of vegetative organs (roots, stems, leaves, etc.) plants used for propagation of plants, with the intention that these parts form the roots. Cuttings that can be used for this red betel plant is by stem cuttings.

The reason is propagated through stem cuttings because cuttings is a simple, cheap and fast. The number of seeds produced from one parent plant more. All the seeds produced has the same genetic characteristics indukknya plants.

Stages of red betel plant nurseries by cuttings can be done as follows:

a. Select the parent plants are healthy and have a sturdy stem of a bamboo skewer or better could be bigger. The width of the leaf is or could be more and thicker. Based on the author's experience, material and size of stem cuttings with small leaves, it will produce seeds that are small and tend plants also less able to develop properly.



b. Cut stems into one or two segments with each segment requirements still have leaves. If the material used in cutting two sections, at least one leaf but ruasnya have better leafy both sides. Cutting materials with a segment without leaves, grows very small percentage, or even can not grow at all. Because the process of photosynthesis that occurs is not perfect, thus inhibiting the growth and development of the seedling cuttings.

c. Soak cuttings material into clean water for 15-30 minutes. For better results and reduce the risk of failure of cuttings seedling growth, water immersion plus vitamin B1 can be specific to plants or commonly sold in pharmacies in tablet form. 1 ml of vitamin B1 was dissolved in one liter of clean water. Or 1 tablet / 1 liter of water. Soak cuttings material during the 30 minutes or more. Vitamin B1 thiamine containing a function to accelerate cell division in root meristem.
Based on trials and experience of the author, cutting material that was soaked in a solution of vitamin B1 for ± 24 hours with a segment obtained 90% success rate. Besides the growth of shoots and roots much faster when compared with non-soaked with vitamin B1.
Cuttings materials can also be soaked in a solution of growth regulators (growth hormone) first as Rootone F or Atonik. How to use Rootone F is rubbing the base of the cuttings with growth regulators that have been made pasta rather thin, because Rootone F powder. Then aerated for a while. When using growth hormone Atonik, Atonik way is to dissolve as much as 1 ml in 1 liter of clean water, then soak the cuttings material for 15 minutes. After that lift and aerated for a while, newly planted. The aim of treatment is to stimulate the formation of growth regulators that accelerate the growth of roots of shoot cuttings.

d. Prepare a place seeding in the form of potted seedlings 10 cm in diameter or poly bag that has been hollowed bottom and sides. Then fill in the form of seeding media mix of sifting fern (resembling floured soil), sand, charcoal, husk, organic fertilizer with a ratio of 4:2:2:1. In addition to the above media can also use a mixture of humus and bamboo leaves, rice husk, sand, organic fertilizer with a ratio of 4:4:2:1. Or it could also be modified by the Breeding. To prevent these pests in seedling media, should be sown at one end of Furadan 3G teaspoon per polybag. Then, media drenched with clean water until quite wet.

Basically, the media used for seedling cuttings of red betel must meet the following requirements:
1. Compact enough (firm and dense)
2. Have the capacity to hold water (watter holding capacity) a good / high.
3. Having a good aeration.
4. Free from weed seeds, nematodes, fungi, pathogenic bacteria and other natural enemies.
5. Provides essential nutrients for plants.



e. Cuttings planting materials had been in the media with accurate and true seedlings. Note the location of the axillary leaf buds facing upwards and never backwards. Try the book (where the leaves, buds and fibrous roots) covered with 0.5 cm deep medium - 1 cm from media surface. This is caused if too deep, so the buds and roots rot quickly. Once planted, again with water to cuttings do not wilt. Place these cuttings seedlings in the shade and cool, not exposed to direct sunlight.

f. Maintenance seedling cuttings. Watering can be done two times a day during the dry season. In the rainy season just one time a day or as needed, if the media is too wet do not need watering. To strengthen the growth of seedlings, can be watered with a solution of vitamin B1 once a week. Approximately at the age of 2 weeks, shoots will emerge the media surface. At the age of four weeks has two to three pieces of leaves from new shoots (leaf cuttings of materials is not counted), and roots of plants from the base of the stem meets the base of the already long poly bags / pot. Planting of seedlings ready to be moved into larger pots or directly into the ground.

2. Graft (Marcottage or water layerage)
Propagation of red betel can also be done by grafting. Graft is principally seek root of a branch plant, without cutting the branch from the parent plant. Propagation in this manner has the advantage of them, the plants have properties superior parent plants and plant more quickly into production.
Red betel plant grafting techniques is different from other plants in general, that is only growing media placed on the book and wrapped with plastic plants or coconut fiber.

Stages of red betel transplantation can be performed as follows:

a. Part of the book which will be grafted plants, should first be sprayed with a solution of growth regulators (growth hormone) with a root stimulant concentration of 1 ml / liter of water (as recommended) or a solution of vitamin B1. The use of growth hormone or vitamin B1 serves to accelerate the formation of root growth and thus will accelerate also the formation of leaf buds on the armpit. When not using this method also does not matter.

b. Prepare the planting media. Media used almost the same as nursery cuttings, ie sifting fern roots (such as soil, powder, charcoal, rice husks and fine goat manure with a ratio 4:2:1. Or can also use a mixture of soil and manure alone with a ratio 2: 1. Mixed media is then affixed to the book and wrap it with plastic that has been drilled.

c. Furthermore, the graft flush with clean water until all wet media.

d. After one month, the roots have grown to meet the media. Cut stems under the graft. Open wrap grafts and planting in pots or directly in soil. Seedlings by grafting, has a growing percentage of 90% to 100%.

3. Duck (Layering)
Propagation of red betel can also use the Sniper system. Principles of perundukan is to stimulate (stimulate) the formation of roots or shoots before separated from its mother.

Ducked stages can be performed as follows:

a. Provide some polybags or pots with a diameter of 12 cm already given the growing media and dijajar next to the parent plant. Same growing media used by cuttings or grafting. Can also just use a mixture of soil and manure with a ratio of 3: 1. As a parent plant material is a plant that has red betel vine length 2 meters or more.

b. Expand red betel vine plants, then plant the stem sections with dirundukkan rooted in polybags, polybags that had been prepared.

c. Then siramlah these plants once a day or see the conditions. If the media is still wet do not need watering. In general, drought conditions in the media tend to dry faster, so we need more intensive watering. Vice versa, when the rainy season, the media tend to be more humid, and watering done if necessary.

d. After approximately one month, growth and development of plant roots and have started a lot stronger. Furthermore, each seed can be separated per polybag. Planting the seeds are on a larger media or can be directly planted in the yard of a house that has been provided.

Frülingsduft - a Kordes Rose

Ljuvliga Frülingduft står just nu i full blom.

This is my rose that I have on my header, the wonderful Frülingduft. It is in full bloom right now and I thing it is so adorable with its beautiful colour or rather colours as it is both pink, pale yellow and apricot. Addition to its beauty it is also very fragrant especially in the evenings...I just love this rose. I didn't know the name of the